ISO 8130-2:2021 Coating powders - Part 2: Determination of density by gas comparison pyknometer (referee method)

The method can be used for all types of coating powder, is simple to carry out, but requires more expensive instrumentation than is often used for density determinations. It is based on the determination of the volume of a weighed test portion by measuring the volume of the gas displaced. This is achieved by equalizing the pressure difference which arises due to the displacement of the gas.

ISO 12154:2014 Determination of density by volumetric displacement - Skeleton density by gas pycnometry

The true solid state density of a material is defined as the ratio of the mass to the volume occupied by that mass. Therefore, the contribution to the volume made by pores or internal voids and also interparticle voids (in the case of granulated or highly dispersed samples) shall be subtracted when calculating the true density.

ISO 9277:2010 Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption - BET method

ISO 9277:2010 specifies the determination of the overall specific external and internal surface area of disperse (e.g. nano-powders) or porous solids by measuring the amount of physically adsorbed gas according to the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method. It takes account of the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommendations of 1984 and 1994.

ISO 10070:2019 Metallic powders - Determination of envelope-specific surface area from measurements of the permeability to air of a powder bed under steady-state flow conditions

The measurement of the permeability of a packed powder bed to a laminar gas flow is the basis of this document. The determination can be made either at constant pressure drop (steady-state flow) or at variable pressure drop (constant volume). This document deals only with determinations made under steady-state flow conditions.

ASTM D3663-20 Standard Test Method for Surface Area of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers

This test method establishes the standard procedure for determining the surface areas of catalyst and catalyst carriers that have Type II or IV nitrogen adsorption isotherms, and specified minimum area. A volumetric measuring system is used to obtain at least four data points which fit on the linear BET line.

ISO 18757:2003 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of specific surface area of ceramic powders by gas adsorption using the BET method

This International Standard provides guidelines for the determination of the total specific external and internal surface area of disperse or porous (pore diameter > 2 nm) fine ceramic materials by measuring the amount of physically adsorbed gas according to the method of Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET method). General guidelines of the method are described in ISO 9277. This International Standard only focuses on specific details relevant to fine ceramic materials. It should further be noted that the BET method cannot be applied to type I isotherms (microporous materials or chemisorption behaviour) or when the solid absorbs the measuring gas.

ISO 15901-2:2006 Pore size distribution and porosity of solid materials by mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption - Part 2: Analysis of mesopores and macropores by gas adsorption

ISO 15901-2:2006 describes a method for the evaluation of porosity and pore size distribution by gas adsorption. It is a comparative, rather than an absolute test. The method is limited to the determination of the quantity of a gas adsorbed per unit mass of sample at a controlled, constant temperature.

ISO 15901-3:2007 Pore size distribution and porosity of solid materials by mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption - Part 3: Analysis of micropores by gas adsorption

ISO 15901-3:2007 describes methods for the evaluation of the volume of micropores (pores of internal width less than 2 nm) and the specific surface area of microporous material by low-temperature adsorption of gases. These are comparative, non-destructive tests. The methods use physisorbing gases that can penetrate into the pores under investigation. The method is applicable to isotherms of type I, II, IV or VI of the IUPAC classification.

ISO 18852:2015 Rubber compounding ingredients - Determination of multipoint nitrogen surface area (NSA) and statistical thickness surface area (STSA)

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the nitrogen surface area (NSA) of carbon blacks and other rubber compounding ingredients, like silicas and zinc oxides, based on the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) theory of gas adsorption using a multipoint determination as well as the determination of the statistical thickness surface area (STSA), otherwise known as the external surface area. STSA, however, is not applicable to silica and zinc oxide.

ISO 18753:2017 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of absolute density of ceramic powders by pycnometer

This document specifies a method for determining the absolute particle density of fine ceramic powders or sintered parts using liquid pycnometry. NOTE Other pycnometer methods like gas pycnometers (e.g. helium pycnometer), where a gas is used as media, also exist.

ISO 12800:2017 Nuclear fuel technology — Guidelines on the measurement of the specific surface area of uranium oxide powders by the BET method

This document gives guidelines on the determination of the specific surface area of as-fabricated uranium dioxide powder by volumetric or gravimetric determination of the amount of nitrogen adsorbed on the powder, and can be applied to other similar materials, e.g. U3O8, UO2-PuO2 powders, and other bodies with similar surface areas, e.g. powder granules or green pellets, provided that the conditions described are fulfilled. Modifications using other adsorbing gases are included.

ISO 4652:2020 Rubber compounding ingredients - Carbon black - Determination of specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption methods - Single-point procedures

The specific surface area of carbon black is an important element which categorizes the type of carbon black. In this document, nitrogen adsorption at the relative pressure of 0,3 is measured to determine the specific surface area (the single-point method). The single‐point method can be a reasonable alternative for process management and shipping management after testing with the multi‐point method in ISO 18852, because the measurement time is shorter and relative magnitude of the specific surface area among the samples is kept.

ASTM D8325-20 Standard Guide for Evaluation of Nuclear Graphite Surface Area and Porosity by Gas Adsorption Measurements

It applies to nitrogen adsorption measurements at 77 K for the characterization of graphite pore structure, such as: (1) specific surface area; (2) cumulative volume of open pores (for pore sizes less than about 300 nm); and (3) distribution of pore volumes as a function of pore sizes (for pore sizes less than about 30 nm).

ASTM D1993-22 Standard Test Method for Precipitated Silica-Surface Area by Multipoint BET Nitrogen Adsorption

This test method is used to measure the surface area of precipitated, hydrated silicas that is available to the nitrogen molecule using the multipoint (B. E. T.) method. Single point nitrogen surface area is measured in accordance with the Test Methods D5604.

ASTM C1069-09(2022) Standard Test Method for Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen Adsorption

Both sellers and purchasers of alumina and quartz will find the test method useful to determine the specific surface area and indirectly as a measure of the particle size for material specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development.