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[Surface Area] Single-point and Multi-point BET Theories
2021-11-25
4630
Basic and simple introduction of the single-point BET, multi-point BET and the differences between of them.
[Surface Area] BET Theory, Equation and Relation with Langmuir Theory
2021-11-02
2142
The BET theory introduction and its plot meaning, also with the BET test steps. The BET is an extension of Langmuir surface area and the limitations.
[Porosity] Adsorption Hysteresis
2022-11-14
1581
It is widely accepted that there is a correlation between the shape of the hysteresis loop and the texture (e.g., pore size distribution, pore geometry, connectivity) of a mesoporous adsorbent. An empirical classification of hysteresis loops was given by the IUPAC, which is based on an earlier classification by de Boer.
[Porosity] Classification of Adsorption Isotherms
2022-09-20
966
Based upon an extensive literature survey, performed by Brunauer, Demming, Demming and Teller (BDDT), the IUPAC published in 1985 a classification of six sorption isotherms.
[Porosity] Pore Size and Adsorption Potential
2022-09-16
856
The shape of sorption isotherms of pure fluids on planar surfaces and porous materials depends on the interplay between the strength of fluid-wall and fluid-fluid interactions as well as the effects of confined pore space on the state and thermodynamic stability of fluids confined to narrow pores.
[Porosity] Physical and Chemical Adsorption
2022-09-13
856
Depending upon the strength of the interaction, all adsorption processes can be divided into the two categories of chemical and physical adsorption.
[Surface Area] The Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) Theory of Multilayer Adsorption
2022-10-26
852
Physisorption at temperatures below the critical temperature Tc and in the complete wetting regime leads to the development of multilayer adsorption by approaching the saturation pressure Po. The BET theory describes adsorption of the first two or three layers in a satisfying way, but fails to assess correctly the range of the adsorption isotherm, which is associated with the development of thick multilayer films.
[Surface Area] Surface Area from Particle Size Distributions
2022-09-08
745
Although particles can assume all regular geometric shapes, and in most instances highly irregular shapes, most particle size measurements are based on the so-called ‘equivalent spherical diameter’.
[Porosity] Gas Adsorption Introduction
2022-09-07
726
Gas adsorption is one of many experimental methods available for the surface and pore size characterization of porous materials.
[Surface Area] The Langmuir Isotherm
2022-09-23
721
The success of kinetic theories directed toward the measurements of surface areas depends upon their ability to predict the number of adsorbate molecules required to cover the solid with a single molecular layer.
[Surface Area] The Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) Theory Equation
2022-10-18
719
During the process of physical adsorption, at very low relative pressure, the first sites to be covered are the more energetic ones. Those sites with higher energy on a chemically pure surface reside within narrow pores where the pore walls provide overlapping potentials.
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testing standards
The method can be used for all types of coating powder, is simple to carry out, but requires more expensive instrumentation than is often used for density determinations. It is based on the determination of the volume of a weighed test portion by measuring the volume of the gas displaced. This is achieved by equalizing the pressure difference which arises due to the displacement of the gas.
The true solid state density of a material is defined as the ratio of the mass to the volume occupied by that mass. Therefore, the contribution to the volume made by pores or internal voids and also interparticle voids (in the case of granulated or highly dispersed samples) shall be subtracted when calculating the true density.
ISO 9277:2010 Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption - BET method
ISO 9277:2010 specifies the determination of the overall specific external and internal surface area of disperse (e.g. nano-powders) or porous solids by measuring the amount of physically adsorbed gas according to the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method. It takes account of the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommendations of 1984 and 1994.
The measurement of the permeability of a packed powder bed to a laminar gas flow is the basis of this document. The determination can be made either at constant pressure drop (steady-state flow) or at variable pressure drop (constant volume). This document deals only with determinations made under steady-state flow conditions.
ASTM D3663-20 Standard Test Method for Surface Area of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers
This test method establishes the standard procedure for determining the surface areas of catalyst and catalyst carriers that have Type II or IV nitrogen adsorption isotherms, and specified minimum area. A volumetric measuring system is used to obtain at least four data points which fit on the linear BET line.
This International Standard provides guidelines for the determination of the total specific external and internal surface area of disperse or porous (pore diameter > 2 nm) fine ceramic materials by measuring the amount of physically adsorbed gas according to the method of Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET method). General guidelines of the method are described in ISO 9277. This International Standar......
ISO 15901-2:2006 describes a method for the evaluation of porosity and pore size distribution by gas adsorption. It is a comparative, rather than an absolute test. The method is limited to the determination of the quantity of a gas adsorbed per unit mass of sample at a controlled, constant temperature.
ISO 15901-3:2007 describes methods for the evaluation of the volume of micropores (pores of internal width less than 2 nm) and the specific surface area of microporous material by low-temperature adsorption of gases. These are comparative, non-destructive tests. The methods use physisorbing gases that can penetrate into the pores under investigation. The method is applicable to isotherms of type I......
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the nitrogen surface area (NSA) of carbon blacks and other rubber compounding ingredients, like silicas and zinc oxides, based on the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) theory of gas adsorption using a multipoint determination as well as the determination of the statistical thickness surface area (STSA), otherwise known as the ......
This document specifies a method for determining the absolute particle density of fine ceramic powders or sintered parts using liquid pycnometry. NOTE Other pycnometer methods like gas pycnometers (e.g. helium pycnometer), where a gas is used as media, also exist.
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